Influence of aerobic and anaerobic sports on the training effects of table tennis players / Influência dos esportes aeróbicos e anaeróbicos sobre os efeitos no treino dos jogadores de tênis de mesa / Influencia de los deportes aeróbicos y anaeróbicos en los efectos del entrenamiento de los jugadores de tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction The weakness of cadence and rotation speed in table tennis brings new challenges to the physical strength of young players, presenting a redoubled effort for physical fitness and stability of the shot movements. Objective Study the influence of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the training effect of table tennis players. Methods 27 young table tennis players aged 9-17 years old from China Table Tennis Institute were selected as the experimental objects. They were divided into 14 in the experimental group for 12 weeks of core strength training and 13 in the control group for 12 weeks of routine physical training. Results There was no significant difference in the control group before and after the experiment (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference in core strength between the experimental group and the control group before the experiment (P > 0.05). Conclusion After the experiment, the core strength of both groups of young table tennis players improved, and the core strength of the experimental group improved significantly from the fourth level to the fifth level of body posture table maintenance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A debilidade da cadência e da velocidade de rotação no tênis de mesa traz novos desafios à força física dos jovens jogadores, apresentando um redobrado esforço para a aptidão física e a estabilidade dos movimentos de tacada. Objetivo Estudar a influência do exercício aeróbico e anaeróbico no efeito de treinamento dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos 27 jovens jogadores de tênis de mesa de 9-17 anos de idade do Instituto de Tênis de Mesa da China foram selecionados como os objetos experimentais. Eles foram divididos em 14 no grupo experimental durante 12 semanas de treinamento de força central e 13 no grupo de controle durante 12 semanas de treinamento físico de rotina. Resultados não houve diferença significativa no grupo de controle antes e depois do experimento (P >0,05); não houve diferença significativa na força do núcleo entre o grupo experimental e o grupo de controle antes do experimento (P > 0,05). Conclusão Após o experimento, a força central dos dois grupos de jovens jogadores de tênis de mesa melhorou, e a força central do grupo experimental melhorou significativamente, do quarto nível para o quinto nível de manutenção da mesa de postura corporal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La debilidad de la cadencia y de la velocidad de rotación en el tenis de mesa plantea nuevos desafíos a la fuerza física de los jóvenes jugadores, presentando un esfuerzo redoblado para la aptitud física y la estabilidad de los movimientos de tiro. Objetivo Estudiar la influencia del ejercicio aeróbico y anaeróbico en el efecto del entrenamiento de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos Se seleccionaron 27 jóvenes jugadores de tenis de mesa de entre 9 y 17 años del Instituto de Tenis de Mesa de China como objetos experimentales. Se dividieron en 14 en el grupo experimental para 12 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza central y 13 en el grupo de control para 12 semanas de entrenamiento físico rutinario. Resultados no hubo diferencias significativas en el grupo de control antes y después del experimento (P > 0,05); no hubo diferencias significativas en la fuerza central entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control antes del experimento (P > 0,05). Conclusión Después del experimento, la fuerza central de ambos grupos de jóvenes jugadores de tenis de mesa mejoró, y la fuerza central del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente desde el cuarto nivel hasta el quinto nivel de mantenimiento de la postura corporal de la mesa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Astragalin Inhibits Apoptosis of Cerebral Cortex Neurons in APP/PS1 Mice / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Astragalin （AST） on apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. MethodsEighteen six-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into APP/PS1 group， APP/PS1+ 40 mg/kg AST group and APP/PS1+ 20 mg/kg Donepezil （DNP） group， with six mice in each group. At the same time， six male C57BL/6 mice were selected as the normal control group. After intraperitoneal injection of AST once a day and continuous administration for one month， we used Tunel staining to detect the apoptosis of neurons in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice； immunofluorescent staining to examine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase9 and Cleaved-Caspase3 in the cerebral cortex neurons of APP/PS1 mice； Western blot method to evaluate the changes of the expression of Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase9 and Caspase3. ResultsTunel staining showed that 40 mg/kg AST and 20 mg/kg DNP both reduced the apoptosis of neurons in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice， AST with more significant inhibition effect. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that 40 mg/kg AST and 20 mg/kg DNP both inhibited the expression of Bax， Caspase9， and Cleaved-Caspase3， and icreased the expression of Bcl-2 in the cerebral cortex neurons of APP/PS1 mice. Western blot results further confirmed that 40 mg/kg AST and 20 mg/kg DNP both down-regulated the expression of Bax （P < 0.05， P < 0.05）， Caspase9 （P < 0.005， P < 0.05） and Caspase3 （P < 0.0001， P < 0.0001） ， and up-regulated the expresstion of Bcl-2 （P < 0.05， P < 0.05） in the cerebral cortex neurons of APP/PS1 mice. ConclusionsAST can inhibit the apoptosis of cerebral cortex neurons in APP/PS1 mice.

Hospitalization costs of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in Shanghai / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and hospitalization costs of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective case summary was conducted on 63 614 hospitalized children with CAP in 59 public hospitals in Shanghai from January 2018 to December 2020. These children's medical records, including their basic information, diagnosis, procedures, and costs, were extracted. According to the medical institutions they were admitted, the patients were divided into the children's hospital group, the tertiary general hospital group and the secondary hospital group; according to the age, they were divided into <1 year old group, 1-<3 years old group, 3-<6 years old group, 6-<12 years old group and 12-18 years old group; according to the CAP severity, they were divided into severe pneumonia group and non-severe pneumonia group; according to whether an operation was conducted, the patients were divided into the operation group and the non-operation group. The epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization costs were compared among the groups. The χ2 test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparisons between two groups as appropriate, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted for comparisons among multiple groups. Results: A total of 63 614 hospitalized children with CAP were enrolled, including 34 243 males and 29 371 females. Their visiting age was 4 (2, 6) years. The length of stay was 6 (5, 8) days. There were 17 974 cases(28.3%) in the secondary hospital group, 35 331 cases (55.5%) in the tertiary general hospital group and 10 309 cases (16.2%) in the children's hospital group. Compared with the hospitalizations cases in 2018 (27 943), the cases in 2019 (29 009) increased by 3.8% (1 066/27 943), while sharply declined by 76.2% (21 281/27 943) in 2020 (6 662). There were significant differences in the proportion of patients from other provinces and severe pneumonia cases, and the hospitalization costs among the children's hospital, secondary hospital and tertiary general hospital (7 146 cases(69.3%) vs. 2 202 cases (12.3%) vs. 9 598 cases (27.2%), 6 929 cases (67.2%) vs. 2 270 cases (12.6%) vs. 9 397 cases (26.6%), 8 304 (6 261, 11 219) vs. 1 882 (1 304, 2 796) vs. 3 195 (2 364, 4 352) CNY, χ2=10 462.50, 9 702.26, 28 037.23, all P<0.001). The annual total hospitalization costs of pediatric CAP from 2018 to 2020 were 110 million CNY, 130 million CNY and 40 million CNY, respectively. And the cost for each hospitalization increased year by year, which was 2 940 (1 939, 4 438), 3 215 (2 126, 5 011) and 3 673 (2 274, 6 975) CNY, respectively. There were also significant differences in the hospitalization expenses in the different age groups of <1 year old, 1-<3 years old, 3-<6 years old, 6-<12 years old and 12-18 years old (5 941 (2 787, 9 247) vs. 2 793 (1 803, 4 336) vs. 3 013 (2 070, 4 329) vs. 3 473 (2 400, 5 097) vs. 4 290 (2 837, 7 314) CNY, χ2=3 462.39, P<0.001). The hospitalization cost of severe pneumonia was significantly higher than that of non-severe cases (5 076 (3 250, 8 364) vs. 2 685 (1 780, 3 843) CNY, Z=109.77, P<0.001). The cost of patients who received operation was significantly higher than that of whom did not (10 040 (4 583, 14 308) vs. 3 083 (2 025, 4 747) CNY, Z=44.46, P<0.001). Conclusions: The number of children hospitalized with CAP in Shanghai decreased significantly in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2018 and 2019.The proportion of patients from other provinces and with severe pneumonia are mainly admitted in children's hospitals. Hospitalization costs are higher in children's hospitals, and also for children younger than 1 year old, severe cases and patients undergoing operations.

Mycena subpiligera sp. nov., a Symbiotic Species from China Associated with the Seed Germination of Gastrodia elata

Mycena subpiligera, a new taxon in sect. Fragilipedes that can strongly enhance the germination efficiency of Gastrodia elata seeds, was discovered in subtropical areas of China. As revealed by a morphological comparison with related Mycena species as well as maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA, the new taxon can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species. Optimal cultural conditions for M. subpiligera basidiomata are reported, and the germination rate of the new species is compared with that of M. citrinomarginata.

Di'ao Xinxuekang alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Di'ao Xinxuekang(DXXK) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in mice. Sixty-five C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a normal group and an experimental group for model induction with the high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Then the mice in the experimental group were randomly divided into a model group, an atorvastatin group(4 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and high-(200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), medium-(60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-dose(20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) DXXK groups, with 10 mice in each group. Drugs were administered by gavage for eight weeks. Serum lipid, liver lipid, serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione reductase(GSH-Px) were determined. Interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The liver index was calculated. The liver pathological change and lipid accumulation were observed by HE and oil red O staining. The liver ultrastructure was observed by the transmission electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the model group displayed serum lipid and liver lipid metabolism disorders, elevated transaminase, lipid deposition, steatosis, and inflammation, suggesting that the NASH model in mice was properly induced. Compared with the model group, the DXXK groups showed decreased serum lipid, liver lipid, ALT, AST, MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α, increased SOD and GSH-Px, alleviated hepatic steatosis, ballooning, and inflammation, and up-regulated Nrf2 and HO-1 gene and protein expression. In conclusion, DXXK can significantly alleviate NASH in mice, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Retrospective analysis of infliximab in the treatment of Kawasaki disease / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) therapy for children with Kawasaki disease. Methods: Sixty-eight children with Kawasaki disease who received IFX therapy in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2014 to April 2021 were enrolled. The indications for IFX administration, changes in laboratory parameters before and after IFX administration, response rate, drug adverse events and complications and outcomes of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) were retrospectively analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed with unpaired Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Results: Among 68 children with Kawasaki disease, 52 (76%) were males and 16 (24%) were females. The age of onset was 2.1 (0.5, 3.8) years. IFX was administered to: (1) 35 children (51%) with persistent fever who did not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or steroids, 28 of the 35 children (80%) developed CAA before IFX therapy; (2) 32 children (47%) with continuous progression of CAA; (3) 1 child with persistent arthritis. In all cases, IFX was administered as an additional treatment (the time from the onset of illness to IFX therapy was 21 (15, 30) days) which consisted of second line therapy in 20 (29%), third line therapy in 20 (29%), and fourth (or more) line therapy in 28 (41%). C-reactive protein (8 (4, 15) vs. 16 (8, 43) mg/L, Z=-3.38, P=0.001), serum amyloid protein A (17 (10, 42) vs. 88 (11, 327) mg/L, Z=-2.36, P=0.018) and the percentage of neutrophils (0.39±0.20 vs. 0.49±0.21, t=2.63, P=0.010) decreased significantly after IFX administration. Fourteen children (21%) did not respond to IFX and received additional therapies mainly including steroids and cyclophosphamide. There was no significant difference in gender, age at IFX administration, time from the onset of illness to IFX administration, the maximum coronary Z value before IFX administration, and the incidence of systemic aneurysms between IFX-sensitive group and IFX-resistant group (all P>0.05). Infections occurred in 11 cases (16%) after IFX administration, including respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract, skin and oral infections. One case had Calmette-Guérin bacillus-related adverse reactions 2 months after IFX administration. All of these adverse events were cured successfully. One child died of CAA rupture, 6 children were lost to follow up, the remaining 61 children were followed up for 6 (4, 15) months. No CAA occurred in 7 children before and after IFX treatment, while CAA occurred in 54 children before IFX treatment. CAA regressed in 23 (43%) children at the last follow-up, and the diameter of coronary artery recovered to normal in 10 children. Conclusion: IFX is an effective and safe therapeutic choice for children with Kawasaki disease who are refractory to IVIG or steroids therapy or with continuous progression of CAA.

Incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province, 2015-2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province from 2015 to 2020 and provide the scientific evidences for the risk assessment, prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods: The incidence data of leptospirosis in Fujian during 2015-2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for a descriptive analysis, and software ArcGIS 10.3.1 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and rats were captured in 17 surveillance areas during the same period, and the rat organs were collected for pathogen culture, the level of Leptospira antibody was detected in serum samples of rats, healthy population and the serum samples of patients sent by the hospitals. The infection status of Leptospira in human and rats were analyzed. Results: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020. A total of 176 cases of leptospirosis were reported. There were obvious seasonality and bimodal distribution. The majority of cases were farmers, accounting for 49.43% (87/176). Most cases were aged 30-69 years (85.80%, 151/176). The male to female ratio of the cases was 3.51∶1 (137∶39). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that leptospirosis had high or low clustering areas. From 2015 to 2020, the average capture rate of rats in 17 surveillance areas was 6.96% (1 519/21 838), Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus and Niviventer fulvescens were the main species. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in rats was 28.64% (252/880). Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 56.75% (143/252) and 17.46% (44/252), respectively. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in healthy population was 16.13% (254/1 575), and Autumnalis and Australis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 71.65% (182/254). The confirmation rate of leptospirosis in patient serum samples sent by the hospitals was 2.23% (188/8 431), Autumnalis (56.38%, 106/188) and Hebdomadis (19.68%, 37/188) were the major serogroups. Conclusions: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020, there were obvious area clustering and seasonality. The high clustering areas were mainly distributed in northern, western and central Fujian. Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups in rats. The infection rate in healthy population decreased year by year. Autumnalis and Hebdomadis were the main serogroups in population in Fujian.

Hypolipidemic properties of the extracts of Belamcanda chinensis leaves (BCLE) in KK-A y mice

Abstract The extract of Belamcanda chinensis leaves (BCLE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes-related hyperlipidemia in Hainan province, South China. In this study, the lipid-decreasing effects of BCLE on obese diabetes were investigated on KK-Ay mice. The component F2 ameliorated lipid disorder, as indicated by decreased levels of body weight, liver index, levels of TC, TG and LDL-c in the serum and liver. The enhancement effect of F2 on liver SOD and the inhibitory effect of F2 on MDA demonstrated that F2 exhibited significant antioxidant activity on liver injury. F2 also prevented vacuolar degeneration and reduced pathological tissue injury in liver. In addition, the component F1 decreased the levels of TG, LDL-c and MDA in the liver. These findings suggest that F2 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and therapy of hyperlipemia and liver disease associated with obesity-related diabetes.

Research advances in chemical constituents and hepatoprotective effect of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Schisandrae has a long history of medicinal use in China. Domestic and foreign scholars have isolated a variety of chemical constituents from Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, including lignans, volatile oils, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, organic acids, amino acids and so on. Pharmacological studies have shown that their alcohol extracts, water extracts, lignan monomers and polysaccharides could protect liver injury and reduce enzyme ability by a variety of hepatoprotective effects such as enzyme reducing, liver protecting, and antioxidant effect. In this paper, the researches on the chemical composition, hepatoprotective effect and pharmacokinetics of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in the past forty years were systematically collated, in order to provide useful enlightenment for the clinical application and new drug development of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus in liver protection.

Investigation on Anti-atherosclerosis Mechanism of Di'ao Xinxuekang Based on NLRP3 Inflammasome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Di'ao Xinxuekang （DXXK） on NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and thoracic aorta of rats with atherosclerosis （AS）， so as to explore its anti-AS mechanism. Method:RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with oxidized low density lipoprotein （ox-LDL） and then intervened with MCC950 and DXXK. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>） were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nod-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD （ASC）， and cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-1 （Caspase-1） were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blotting. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， atorvastatin group （2.0 mg·kg^-1）， as well as high-， medium-， and low-dose （100， 30， and 10 mg·kg^-1） DXKK groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats were exposed to the high-fat diet and vitamin D₂ for inducing AS. The blood lipid level was measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer， followed by the calculation of AS index （AI）. The contents of serum TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> were determined by ELISA， and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 in thoracic aorta were assayed by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. HE staining and Sirius red staining were conducted to observe the pathomorphological changes in the abdominal aorta and aortic sinus. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly increased TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> contents and up-regulated NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 mRNA and protein expression in RAW264.7 cells （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The above indexes in each drug administration group were significantly reduced in contrast to those in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The comparison with the model group showed that cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and AI in each DXXK group significantly declined， while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） was significantly elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The levels of serum TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 in the thoracic aorta were decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Abdominal aortic lesions and fibrous hyperplasia of aortic sinus were significantly improved. Conclusion:DXXK has a significant anti-AS effect， which is possibly related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Effect of pupil dilation on ocular biometry measurement and IOL power calculation in cataract patients with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the effect of pupil dilation on ocular biometry and IOL power in cataract patients with high myopia, and the difference between cataract patients with high myopia and cataract patients with normal axial length(AL).<p>METHODS:Measurements of AL, corneal curvature(K including K1 and K2), anterior chamber depth(ACD)were performed using IOLmaster in 22 cataract patients with high myopia(34 eyes)(group A)and 23 cataract patients with normal AL(39 eyes)(group B)before and after pupil dilation. SRK-T and Haigis were used to caculate pre- and post-cycloplegic IOL power.<p>RESULTS:ACD after dilation(3.84±0.58mm)significantly increased comparing with ACD before dilation(3.61±0.35mm)in group A(<i>P</i><0.01). ACD after dilation(3.30±0.70mm)also significantly increased comparing with ACD before dilation(3.13±0.63mm)in group B(<i>P</i><0.01). But the difference of pre- and post-cycloplegic ACD between the two groups was not statistically significant(<i>P</i>>0.05). Pre- and post-cycloplegic AL and K(including K1 and K2)were not significantly different in two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). The differences between pre- and post-cycloplegic IOL power were not statistically significant using the SRK-T and Haigis formula(<i>P</i>>0.05), but the IOL power changed by over 1D after pupil dilation using the SRK-T and Haigis formula respectively in 15% and 27% of eyes in group A,in 3% and 5% in group B.<p>CONCLUSION:ACD increases after pupil dilation in cataract patients with high myopia, which is not different from cataract patients with normal AL. Pupil dilation does not affect AL, K and the IOL power(using SRK-T and Haigis)in cataract patients with high myopia. But the IOL power may change greater than in cataract patients with normal AL, so we suggest IOL power should be measured and calculated without mydriasis.

Relationship between parental rearing styles, self-directed learning ability and depressive symptoms among high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Explored the characteristics of parental rearing styles, and its association with depressive symptoms and the self-directed learning ability among high school students during COVID-19 epidemic, while providing a basis for family intervention in the area of adolescent mental health and students learning abilities.@*Methods@#A total of 2 893 high school students from the southern, central, and northern regions of Anhui Province were selected using a stratified-cluster sampling method in Feb. 2020. The online questionnaire survey regarding depressive symptoms, self-directed learning abilities, and rearing styles was administered using the smartphone application Questionnaire Star.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 38.9% among high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. The parental rearing styles of high school students who reported depressive symptoms were characterized as follows:the scores of the parental emotional warmth factor, while relatively high scores of other factors, except the preferred factor. In addition, all of the factors showed statistically significant differences(P<0.01). The parental rearing styles of high school students with a weak self-directed learning ability were characterized as low scores in parental emotional warmth, parents prefer, and paternal over-protection(P<0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the negative correlation between depressive symptoms, low self-learning ability and parents emotional warmth(father OR=0.95, mother OR=0.95) and father over involvement(OR=0.95), the positive correlation between depressive symptoms, low self-learning ability and father rejection(OR=1.07) and over protection(OR=1.06).@*Conclusion@#Depressive symptoms and the self-directed learning ability of high school students might be associated with paternal rearing styles, particularly in the case of emotional warmth.

Experience of Finland children's whole-course health care service and management and its enlightenment / 上海预防医学

Finland is acknowledged as an international leader in the children's health care by the World Health Organization, especially in the formulation and planning of children's health care policies. In the article, we introduces Finnish service mode and management experience in the whole-process medical care for children, including successful operation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, key role of public health nurses in the whole-process management, significant influence of social and family environment on the healthy development of children, and integration of children's health and welfare services through multi-sectoral cooperation. We make some suggestions and recommendations for the construction of children's health service capacity in China in strengthening the laws and policies in the children's health, improving the network construction and three-level connection of maternal and child health care system, taking the construction of pediatric integrated health care system as the breakthrough point to further promote hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, improving the multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism, and maximizing the influence of information technology and family.

Transcriptomic profile of human erythroleukemia cells in response to Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its structure analysis / 中国天然药物

Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) has been used as an ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are a limited number of studies concerning its therapeutic mechanism. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight of the S. fusiforme polysaccharide, SFPS 191212, is 43 kDa. SFPS 191212 is composed of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, glucose, and fucose (at a molar ratio: 2.1 : 2.9 : 1.8 : 15.5 : 4.6 : 62.5) with α- and β-configurations. The present research evaluated the anti-tumor potential of the S. fusiforme polysaccharide in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells in vitro. To explore the SFPS 191212's apoptosis mechanism in HEL cells, transcriptome analysis was performed on HEL cells that were incubated with SFPS 191212. The inhibitory effect of SFPS 191212 on HEL cell growth was also analyzed. It was found that SFPS 191212 inhibited HEL cell proliferation, reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced an insignificant toxic effect on normal human embryonic lung (MRC-5) cells. Compared with the control group, transcriptome analysis identified a total of 598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 243 up-regulated genes and 355 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on all DEGs, and 900 GO terms and 52 pathways were found to be significantly enriched. Finally, 23 DEGs were randomly selected and confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, SFPS 191212 down-regulated the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. Our results provide a framework for understanding the effect of SFPS 191212 on cancer cells and can serve as a resource for delineating the anti-tumor mechanisms of S. fusiforme.

In vitro evaluation of a removable partial denture framework using multi-directionally forged titanium

PURPOSE@#This study evaluated the availability of multi-directionally forged (MDF) titanium (Ti) as a component of removable partial dentures (RPDs). MDF-Ti remarkably improved the mechanical properties of RPDs due to its ultrafine-grained structure. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#The wear resistance, plaque adhesion, and machinability of MDF-Ti were tested. As controls, commercially pure (CP) titanium was used for wear, plaque adhesion, and machinability tests. For wear resistance, the volume losses of the titanium teeth before and after wear tests were evaluated. Plaque adhesion was evaluated by the assay of Streptococcus mutans. In the machinability test, samples were cut and ground by a steel fissure bur and carborundum (SiC) point. An unpaired t-test was employed for the analysis of the significant differences between MDF-Ti and the control in the results for each test. @*RESULTS@#Wear resistance and plaque adherence of MDF-Ti similar to those of CP-Ti (P>.05) were indicated. MDF-Ti exhibited significantly larger volume loss than CP-Ti in all conditions except 100/30,000 g/ rpm in machinability tests (P<.05). @*CONCLUSION@#Although the wear resistance and plaque adherence of MDFTi were comparable to those of controls, MDF-Ti showed better machinability than did CP-Ti. MDF-Ti could be used as a framework material for RPDs.

Effect of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide on apoptosis and its possible mechanism in human erythroleukemia cells / 中国天然药物

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFPS I, II, and III) on the apoptosis and regulation of human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. The effect of different doses of SFPS on HEL cell growth was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 method, and apoptosis was detected by Hoechst staining. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Expression of the cell cycle gene, p53, antiapoptotic genes, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and pro-apoptotic genes, Bax, Bad, and Caspase-3, as well as the expression of the corresponding proteins, were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. The results showed that SFPS II and III decreased HEL cell viability and induced HEL cell apoptosis. Different concentrations of SFPS (I, II, and III) were detected that induced much less toxic effect in normal human embryonic lung (MRC-5) cells, and SFPS I increased cell proliferation, indicating its favorable selectivity towards cancer cells. The mechanism by which SFPS induced apoptosis was also found to be related to the induction of cell cycle arrest in the G/G phase and the increased expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. We concluded that SFPS induces HEL cell apoptosis, possibly via activation of the Caspase pathway, providing the theoretical basis for the development of SFPS-based anti-tumor drug products.

Expression of sclerostin in alveolar bone remodeling of ovariectomized rats / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To investigate the expression and distribution of sclerostin in the alveolar bone of rat in the absence of estrogen, and to provide evidence for the analysis of the histological correlation between sclerostin and alveolar bone remodeling in rats. @*Methods @#The experimental subjects of this study were 32 8-week-old female Wistar rats. Among them, 16 rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and 16 rats were subjected to a sham operation (Sham). These rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the operation, and the mandibles were removed and embedded. The mesial and distal sections of the rat,s mandibular first molars were selected and stained with anti-tartrate phosphatase (TRAP), sclerostin immunostaining, multiple immunostainings, RANKL and TRAP double staining, and silver-plated multiple staining. @*Results @#As the postoperative time in rats increased, the TRAP-positive osteoclasts counts in the OVX group in the interalveolar septum of mandibular first molar increased significantly, and statistical difference was noted between the groups (P ＜ 0.05). The OVX 2w, 3w, and 4w groups exhibited more TRAP-positive osteoclasts compared with the Sham group at the corresponding time point, and the results were statistically different (P ＜ 0.05). Sclerostin immunostaining revealed that the proportion of positive bone cells in the mesial side of the periodontal ligament area of mandibular first molar in the OVX group gradually decreased. Statistical differences were noted between the OVX 3w group and the OVX 4w group as well as the OVX 1w group and, the OVX 2w group (P ＜ 0.05). In the comparison between the area near the periodontal ligament and the central area of the alveolar bone septum of the mandibular first molar in the same group, the positive expression ratio of sclerostin in the OVX 3w and OVX 4w groups in the area near the periodontal ligament was reduced compared with that in the central area of the alveolar bone septum. The results were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). A larger number of osteoblasts was noted around the osteoclasts in the OVX 4w group compared with the Sham 4w group based on ALP/ TRAP /sclerostin multiple staining, whereas less sclerostin-positive osteoblasts were noted in the OVX 4w group. Sclerostin/TRAP/silver plating staining showed that the bone tubules around the sclerostin positive bone cells mostly exhibited a parallel and neat arrangement, and the bone tubules around sclerostin negative bone cells were more irregular and disorderly arranged in the OVX 4w group@*Conclusion@#Sclerostin protein is involved in alveolar bone remodeling in estrogen-deficient rats.

Folic Acid Supplementation in Chinese Peri-conceptional Population: Results from the SPCC Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To determine the prevalence and determinants of folic acid (FA) supplementation in Chinese couples planning for pregnancy and in women during early pregnancy.@*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional study based on the Shanghai PreConception Cohort (SPCC) study. Data on FA supplementation and socio-demographic features were collected using questionnaires. Couples visiting clinics for pre-pregnancy examination and pregnant women at < 14 gestational weeks were recruited in Shanghai, China, between March 2016 and September 2018.@*Results@#Among the pregnancy planners, 42.4% (4,710/11,099) women and 17.1% (1,377/8,045) men used FA supplements, while 93.4% (14,585/15,615) of the pregnant women used FA supplements. FA supplement use was higher in female pregnancy planners who were older ( : 1.13, 95% : 1.08-1.18), had higher education ( : 1.71, 95% : 1.53-1.92), and were residing in urban districts ( : 1.06, 95% : 1.01-1.11) of FA supplementation; female pregnancy planners with alcohol consumption ( : 0.95, 95% : 0.90-0.99) had lower odds of FA supplementation. In early pregnancy, women with higher educational level ( : 1.04, 95% : 1.03-1.06), who underwent pre-pregnancy examination ( : 1.02, 95% : 1.01-1.03) had higher odds of using an FA supplement; older aged ( : 0.99, 95% : 0.98-0.99), and multigravida ( : 0.97, 95% : 0.96-0.98) had lower odds of FA supplementation.@*Conclusion@#Although the majority of pregnant women took FA supplements, more than half of the women planning for pregnancy did not. Urgent strategies are needed to improve pre-conception FA supplementation.

Expression and role of Pim1 in cultured cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygen injury / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression and effect of Pim1 in primary cortical neurons after hypoxic-ischemic injury.@*METHODS@#Cortical neurons were isolated from 1-day-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in neurobasal medium. On the 8th day of neuron culture, cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygen (OGD/R) treatment to mimic in vivo hypoxic injury of neurons. Briefly, medium were changed to DMEM medium, and cells were cultured in 1% O for 3 hours and then changed back to normal medium and conditions. Cells were collected at 0 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after OGD/R. Primary neurons were transfected with Pim1 overexpression plasmid or mock plasmid, and then were exposed to normal conditions or OGD/R treatment. They were named as Pim1 group, control group, OGD/R group and OGD/R+Pim1 group respectively. Real-time PCR was used to detect Pim1 mRNA expression. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Pim1 and apoptotic related protein cleaved caspase 3 (CC3). TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.@*RESULTS@#Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that Pim1 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in neurons after OGD/R. They began to decrease at 0 hour after OGD/R, reached to the lowest at 12 hours after OGD/R, and remained at a lower level at 24 hours after OGD/R (P<0.01). Overexpression of Pim1 significantly upregulated the protein level of Pim1. Under OGD/R conditions, the CC3 expression and the apoptosis rate in cells of the Pim1 group were significantly lower than in un-transfected cells (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hypoxic-ischemic injury may decrease Pim1 expression in neurons. Overexpressed Pim1 may inhibit apoptosis induced by OGD/R.